The Discovery of Osseointegration

This breakthrough happened by chance when in 1952 Dr Branemark was conducting research into bone healing and regeneration in rabbits. The technique he adopted included embedding titanium into their living tissues, which was a method previously researched at Cambridge University. Branemark placed a piece of titanium in the lower part of the tissue of a rabbit’s leg to provide a support for the bone to heal. What happened next paved the way for a landmark in implant dentistry when Branemark discovered that after three months that he could not remove the titanium from the rabbit’s bone. He found that the bone had integrated with the titanium in a process he termed “osseointegration.”

The Body’s Acceptance of Titanium

This remarkable quality of titanium sparked in Dr. Branemark the desire to conduct further research, which was carried out through controlled experiments on animals as well as human volunteers. Although the initial human volunteers received the first hip and knee implants, there was a gradual increase in volunteers who had suffered tooth loss. This led Branemark to focus his research on dental implants.

More research confirmed the osseointegration phenomenon at work and proved that the immune system in the bodies of animals and humans did not reject to the titanium implants. The results of this pioneering research were extensively documented by Branemark making the medical and scientific world, at the time, aware of this remarkable development.

The First Titanium Dental Implant

The first modern titanium dental implant was placed by Dr. Branemark, who was Professor of Anatomy at Gothenburg University at the time, in 1965 on a human volunteer. Over the next 14 years Dr. Branemark conducted further studies in titanium dental implants and published the results. He struck a business partnership with the Swedish defence company Bofors in 1978 for with the aim of marketing the titanium implants.

Worldwide Acceptance

Branemark published of a paper in 1981 which documented his findings. In 1982 the Clinical Dentistry and Osseointegration conference was held in the city of Toronto where Branemark again presented his findings and medical guidelines were established for placing tritium dental implants. This heralded the birth of the worldwide use of modern dental implants with the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) approving the use of titanium implants in the US.

Bofors Nobelpharma was formed in 1981 to manufacture and commercially promote the use of dental implants. Nobelpharma later became Nobel Biocare AG in 2002 and is currently the worldwide leader in aesthetic and restorative dentistry.

Dr. Branemark’s research paved the way for safe, functional and aesthetically realistic replacement teeth. Dental implants are now widely used and are considered to be the ideal solution for replacing missing teeth.

Aurhor’s Bio: This is a guest post provided by Mark P Jubbs, an author who writes articles for dentalcareplus.org.uk on the subject of dental implants and cosmetic dental surgery.

As a result, if you’re looking to improve your stamina for running-or any other cardio workout routine, here are 2 running strategies that can help.

Tempo Runs

For starters, if you are new comer to the sport, work first on gradually building your cardio foundation and endurance level by opting for a less challenging training program. Try the beginner’s walk-run-walk program and gradually build your endurance level. However, if you’re sure about your running capabilities, then you can incorporate Tempo runs into your training program.

Tempo running is the ideal training strategy for improving running speed and distance while experiencing less fatigue. This type of running increase your lactate threshold, meaning that your muscles become better at handling lactic acid build, thus you run with less fatigue.

The pace of a tempo run should be at around 70-80% of your maximum aerobic capacity. Meaning that you exercise at just past the spot where you start to experience lactic acid build-up in your working muscle. Always begin your tempo run workout with a decent warm-up so you don’t hurt yourself or experience premature exhaustion. The proper warm-up will make sure that you’re getting the most out of the training session without running the risk of discomfort or burnout.

Interval Running

If time is an issue for you, then interval running is the way to go. Also known as High Intensity Interval Training (or HIIT), this type of training is ideal for shedding pounds and boosting stamina without using up much of your limited time. All you need is half an hour and you’ll get the best workouts ever.
Interval running consists of performing repeated intervals of high and low intensity running. The intensity and length of each interval will largely depend on where you’re at on the fitness ladder and training goals.

As a beginner, try out this 30-minute interval running workout:

• Begin with a 5 minute jog as warm-up. Warming is critical since it helps you get prepared for the exercise ahead and prevents injury and premature fatigue on the training session.
• Perform your first running one full minute interval at 80% of your maximum heart rate, then slow it down into an effortless jog to allow for recovery and rejuvenation.
• Go for another running interval but at 85-90% of your max, take another one full minute for recovery.
• Repeat the cycle 6-7 times.
• End the workout with a 5 minute slow jog as a cool down. Breathe deeply and get your heart rate to it normal level.

Try this training workout a couple times per week. However, don’t feel the need to follow it verbatim. Adjust the length of each interval to your fitness level.

Though these 2 training strategies are powerful and can boost your stamina in the shortest times possible, the key to success is speed of implementation. You need to take action and adjust your approach accordingly. And always remember to stay within your fitness level.

About the author
David DACK is a runner and an established author on weight loss, motivation and fitness.

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By now, just about everyone knows that sugary soft drinks, desserts, and snack foods are making us fatter and that their sugar content is one of the main reasons why they’re so bad for us. But could sugar be even worse than that? Could it actually be toxic?

More and more researchers are starting to think so, and several have assembled some pretty compelling evidence to support their case.

Robert Lustig’s campaign against sugar

According to Gary Taubes’s widely read New York Times Magazine article published last spring, Robert Lustig, a childhood obesity expert at the University of California, San Francisco, has taken it upon himself to speak out against sugar – a substance he sees not just as a source of empty calories but as “a poison by itself.”

His argument is more or less this: Since the liver is forced to convert sugars into fat when they’re consumed in sufficient quantities, consumption of sugar is the leading culprit in the ongoing obesity epidemic. Obesity, of course, often leads to insulin resistance, which leads to type 2 diabetes and/or heart disease.

Sugar, argues Lustig, is the root cause of these maladies. Therefore, the stuff is nothing but poison, pure and simple – a substance that ought to be lumped in with alcohol and tobacco as something that leads to an early death.

And it’s not just high fructose corn syrup that’s to blame. Although the ill effects of that widely demonized food additive are now well known, Lustig claims that sucrose, the white, powdery sugar you spoon into your coffee, is just as nefarious.

But it gets worse.

If sugar leads to insulin resistance, which we’re pretty sure it does, and insulin resistance leads to obesity and diabetes, what does that mean as far as cancer is concerned? After all, it’s widely accepted by most researchers that one’s likelihood of developing cancer increases when he or she is obese and/or diabetic.

Could sugar, then, be a carcinogen? Could it actually cause cancer?

It sounds like a radical notion, and it’s not something experts are even close to agreeing upon. But Lewis Cantley, who directs the Cancer Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center at Harvard Medical School, argues in Taubes’s article that if there’s anything causing insulin resistance – anything besides just being overweight, that is – then that “something” increases our risk of developing cancer.

So… no more desserts? Ever?

If taking the kids out for ice cream is just as bad for their health as letting them smoke a few cigarettes, we may have to seriously reconsider the foods we consume.

But remember that there’s still no consensus on the issue. Back when everyone thought direct consumption of fat led to their being overweight, we all bought fat-free processed foods and thought we were healthier. Since then, we’ve learned that fat isn’t the only culprit and that many fat-free foods are still bad for us in their own way.

If one thing is certain, it’s that we should definitely consume less sugar. Carcinogen or not, empty calories are just that – empty calories. Replacing them with wholesome, nutritious foods (a cliché by now, yes?) is still the way to go.

Adam Green is a freelance writer who avoids eating “sweet stuff” whenever he can. He contributed this article on behalf of Full Circle, an organic produce delivery service.

With the right mixing and matching of food groups, trips to the doctor can be kept minimal and risk of vision loss – whether it is a reduction of the 20/20 figure or blindness – can be nearly eliminated altogether. Let’s look at some foods that can bulwark your eye health.

1. Carrots.

Your mother taught you well when she advised sticking to carrot sticks to keep your eyes in tip-top shape. Packed with the antioxidant beta carotene, which is converted to Vitamin A, carrots are helpful in defending against basic eye diseases like cataracts. One might advise keeping the orange-colored vegetable to a minimum, however – overconsumption of beta-carotene has been known to cause development of a (temporarily) orange skin tone.

2. Eggs.

Although it is true that eggs can build more cholesterol than your body needs, it may also be true that the positives outweigh the negatives of daily egg consumption. Up to two eggs per day can result in the absorption of zeaxanthin and lutein, which protect against cataracts and macular degeneration. Ironically, lutein is also said to be beneficial to heart health.

3. Salmon.

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential to maintaining healthy eyes, and wild salmon happens to be loaded with them. Seafood in general concentrates its nourishing qualities on the nerves of the retina, further aiding in fending off age-related macular degeneration. Consumers might also look at implementing small amounts of shrimp, shellfish, sardines and – essentially – any seafood that starts with an “S” into their diet.

4. Turkey.

The big bird contains a heavy amount of zinc and niacin, which proves to not only be a wise alternative to beef-consumption, but effective in lowering your risk of being struck by cataracts.

5. Spinach.

Popeye had the right idea when he downed can after can of spinach – the leafy green is high in beta carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, and even Vitamin C. These interact with each other to create a shield that protects the retina from the sun’s rays as well as decreases the likelihood of macular degeneration.

6. Broccoli.

Arguably the best veggie for the eyes, broccoli contains lutein, zeaxanthin, Vitamin C and small traces of beta-carotene. Look for broccoli with a darker pigment; the darker the color, the more lutein packed inside.

7. Ostrich?

Certainly an odd food for the eyes, but healthy nonetheless. This meat (which is also a great, lean alternative to beef and other meats) strengthens the eyes with high levels of protein, iron, and zinc, the latter of which reinforces enzymes that sustain retinal health.

This is a guest post from ReplaceMyContacts.com, where you can find discount contact lenses online in a variety of brands including Acuvue Oasys, Freshlook, and Air Optix.